Hello,
some time ago I decided to switch back from QubeOS to Windows because of problems that I could not solve in any way. The switch to Windows turned out to be a nightmare: windows started running slow after a very short time and I noticed bugs in windows that contributed to my return to qubes. These “bugs” or in other words “inconveniences” are:
- inability to create and switch between desktops (the way qubes works);
- inability to create certificates via the CLI (windows supposedly has something like “wsl”, but running this still causes problems);
- Hyperv enabled in Windows 10 crashes the network card after a while (this problem has occurred to me on a PC and several laptops over the past few years - the effect is always the same: wifi and ethernet card suddenly stop working, and windows makes it impossible to uninstall the network card from device manager);
- no possibility to easily separate the business browser from the private browser;
- no ability to create an independent and private space where I could store passwords or ssh keys;
- No ability to create independent and separate network connections (firefox_private → vpn, firefox_services → company vpn);
- Billions of useless notifications;
- Windows always stutters after a while (even on hardware with i5-8th 3.0Ghz - 3.7Ghz configuration + 16GB RAM + Nvme);;
I realized that Qubes works well on a think business desktop computer, while I always had problems with a private Dell E6520 laptop with i5-2th.
So I decided to buy a new and powerful machine under Qubes.
I searched the entire forum for the “perfect” and reliable hardware and the best recommendation I found is the Lenovo Thinkpad P51 recommended by @Sven https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/community-recommended-computers/5560. I decided to purchase the unit recommended by Sven.
The laptop turned out to be a powerful beast, however, only after making some optimizations, which I will present below (to the qubes team:Shouldn’t models like the P51 have the ability to automatically import the best and community-tested configuration, the so-called hardware profiles)?
My configuration:.
Processor: Intel core i7-7820hq
Screen: 1920x1060
RAM: 32GB
Disk: 1TB Nvme
Filesystem: BTRFS
Word of introduction.
There is a certain belief on this forum according to which the Nvidia graphics card is useless, and the best choice is to use only integrated graphics - a strange and quite erroneous belief. If Nvidia’s processor is responsible for the graphics then the computer should run faster, because Intel’s processor will be relieved; if intel’s processor is responsible for displaying the image, the processor’s performance will drop.
Qubes on Thinkpad P51 - attempt one.
The first thing I did was to update the bios and calibrate the Pantone screen from within Windows.
Then I went into the bios: enabled discrete graphics mode, disabled secure boot mode and enabled “legacy” boot mode. I also changed the power plan and c-state performance in the BIOS to: max_performance . I applied this setting for battery power and AC power.
I then performed the installation of Qubes.
Everything worked properly, however, I had some concerns:
- Qubes ran quite slowly;
- it took 43s to start all the automatically booting vm’s;
- the indicated options did not keep up with the cursor;
Faced with the above drawbacks, I rebooted and changed the graphics to “hybrid” - unfortunately, qubes would no longer boot (I suspect that the nvidia driver was not carried over by the qubes installer).
Approach 2: UEFI + discrete graphics.
I performed a Qubes installation.
Everything worked correctly, however, I still had some concerns:
- Qubes was running quite slowly;
- it took 38s to start all auto-booting vm’s;
- the indicated options did not keep up with the cursor;
Approach 3: UEFI + Hybrid graphics.
I performed a Qubes installation.
Qubes worked fine, except for the following caveats:
- The laptop heated up a lot, I had to have the laptop stand on at all times;
- it took 36s to start all automatically vm’s;
- After a while, the screen started “flashing” for a short while, so I decided to try to switch to discrete graphics. Unfortunately - the startup of all automatic vmek increased by 8s, while the system took much longer to load after logging into the system.
Approach 4: I leave UEFI + hybrid graphics. I try to install the official nvidia driver.
I attempted to install the driver based on the instructions found on the forum. I downloaded the driver from the nvidia website (file: nvidia.run), then unzipped the archive in Dom0, performed compilation and copied the driver to the system. After restarting the computer, the system sort of “slowed down” - it took 39s to start all automatic vmek.
I decided to perform the uninstallation of the driver, however, the effect was still the same.
Repair: approach 4: return to Noveau.
1 I entered the terminal and typed the command:
Xorg -configure
Then I copied open the file with the following command:
vim /root/xorg.conf.new
and next to the graphics card item “Nvidia” I entered the driver: noveau.
Finally, I moved the file that replaced the previous "incorrect “configuration file” of Xorg with the following command:
mv /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf
Then I typed the command:
xinit
And I performed a reboot of the computer. **After the reboot, the startup of all automatic vmek was 18s.
** Approach 5: experimental implementation of Zram based on the instructions:** How To Set And Use ZRAM swap .
- zram installation and configuration caused me a bit of a problem because:
- I tried to perform the intrusion while installing the zram package, which turned out to be redundant and messed up unnecessarily; Zram is implemented in the kernel by default.
- The “zram_swap” service coming from the “zram” package overlapped with the manually added “zram_swap.service” service script. Uninstalling the “zram” package and restarting the computer fixed this small problem;
- after deploying Zram based on the above instructions and creating /dev/zram0 of 32GB + installing Zram in Fedora_37 template + reducing max_mem_Dom0 from 4GB to 1536MB:
The computer runs like lightning: All auto-starting vmks start in 10s;
All processes load mega fast - it takes only 10s from login to “fully ready”;
I am currently writing this post in firefox browser - the computer has not yet fired up its fans at all. Of course, the computer runs very fast with various types of workloads and a large number of fired up vmek.
In summary: Nvidia + UEFI + noveau re-initialization + Zram implementation and reducing max_mem_Dom0 = turbo fast Thinkpad P51.
I’ve included my “history” command log below - feel free to analyze the log.
1 cd grub.d
2 ls
3 cd ..
4 ls
5 modprobe zram num_devices=1
6 bash -c "echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm"
7 sudo bash -c "echo 32G > /sys/block/zram0/disksize"
8 mkswap --label zram0 /dev/zram9
9 mkswap --label zram0 /dev/zram0
10 swapon -priority 32767 /dev/zram0
11 swapon --priority 32767 /dev/zram0
12 zramctl
13 bash -c "echo 1 > /sys/block/zram0/reset"
14 qvm-run --pass-io disp625 'cat /user/zram_start' > /usr/local/bin
15 qvm-run --pass-io disp625 'cat /user/zram_start' > /usr/local/bin/
16 qvm-run --pass-io disp625 'cat /user/zram_start' > /usr/local/bin/zram_start
17 qvm-run --pass-io disp625 'cat /home/user/zram_start' > /usr/local/bin/zram_start
18 qvm-run --pass-io disp625 'cat /home/user/zram_stop' > /usr/local/bin/zram_stop
19 qvm-run --pass-io disp625 'cat /home/user/zram_swap.service' > /etc/systemd/system/zram_swap.service
20 systemctl enable zram-swap.service
21 qubes-update-dom0 zram
22 qubes-dom0-update zram
23 systemctl enable zram-swap.service
24 ls /usr/local/zswap
25 ls /usr/local/bin
26 ls /etc/systemd/system
27 systemctl enable zram-swap.service
28 vim /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf
29 vim /etc/sysctl.conf
30 vim /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf
31 systemctl daemon-reload
32 sysctl -p
33 vim /etc/default/grub
34 vim /etc/default/grub
35 LS
36 ls
37 rm grub.swp
38 vim /etc/default/grub
39 rm .grub.swp
40 rm /etc/default/grub.swp
41 rm /etc/default/.grub.swp
42 vim /etc/default/grub
43 grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
44 grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/grubx64.cfg
45 xenpm
46 xenpm get-cpufreq-average
47 xenpm get-cpufreq-para
48 xenpm get-cpufreq-states
49 freemem
50 free mem
51 xl top
52 xl dmesg
53 journalctl -b 0 -p 0
54 journalctl -b 0 -p 0...3
55 journalctl -b 0 -p 3
56 journalctl -b 0 -p 2
57 journalctl -b 0 -p 1
58 journalctl -b 0 -p 0
59 journalctl -b 0 -p 4
60 journalctl -b 0 -p 5
61 journalctl -b 0 -p 6
62 journalctl -b 0 -p 7
63 exit
64 exit
65 grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/grubx64.cfg
66 grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/grubx64.cfg
67 grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
68 cat /proc/cmdline
69 sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
70 cd /etc/grub.d
71 ls
72 cd ..
73 cd grub
74 cd default
75 ls
76 vim grub
77 ls
78 cd ..
79 cd grub.d
80 ls
81 cat 40_custom
82 cat 41_custom
83 sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
84 dracut -f
85 cd /boot/efi/EFI/qubes
86 ls
87 vim grub.cfg
88 ls
89 cd /etc/default
90 ls -lat
91 cd grub
92 vim grub
93 sudo dracut -f
94 ls
95 cd ..
96 ls
97 cd grub.
98 cd grub.d
99 ls
100 ls 00_heaser
101 cat readme
102 cat README
103 qvm-run --pass-io personal 'cat /home/user/s' > /home/pawelek85/s
104 cd ~/
105 ls
106 cd ..
107 ls
108 cd home
109 cd pawelek85
110 ls
111 cat s
112 qvm-features dom0 gui-videoram-min $(xrandr --verbose | grep "Screen 0" | sed -e 's/.*current //' -e 's/\,.*//' | awk '{print $1*$3*4/1024}')
113 grub2-install --efi-directory /boot/
114 qubes-dom0-update modinfo
115 qubes-dom0-update grub2
116 qubes-dom0-update modinfo.sh
117 vim /biit/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.
118 vim /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.cfg
119 cd /boot/efi
120 cd EFI
121 cd qubes
122 ls
123 vim grub.cfg
124 grub2-install --efi-directory /boot/cat xen.efi
125 cat xen.efi
126 history
127 exit
128 ls
129 exit
130 exit
131 cd /boot/efi/EFI
132 cd qubes
133 ls
134 vim grub.cfg
135 cat grubx64.conf
136 cat grubx64.cfg
137 grub2-install
138 qubes-dom0-update grub2-efi shim grub2-tools
139 qubes-dom0-update grub2-efi shim grub2-tools
140 grub2-install --efi-directory /boot/cat xen.efi
141 qubes-dom0-update grub-pc
142 qubes-dom0-update grub-pc-bin
143 qubes-dom0-update grub-efi
144 qubes-dom0-update grub-x86_x64-efi
145 dnf reinstall grub2-efi shim grub2-tools
146 grub2-install --efi-directory /boot/
147 qubes-dom0-update grub-x86_x64-efi --action=search
148 cd /etc/sysconfig
149 vim grub
150 sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/grub.cfg
151 cd /boot/efi/EFI/qubes
152 vim grub.cfg
153 qubes-dom0-update pantone --action=search
154 qubes-dom0-update gcc kmod grub2-tools perl-bignum make
155 qubes-dom0-update kernel-latest-devel
156 qubes-dom0-update kernel-latest-devel
157 qvm-run --pass-io personal 'cat /home/user/Downloads/NVIDIA.run > /home/pawelek85/Downloads/NVIDIA.run
158 qvm-run --pass-io personal 'cat /home/user/Downloads/NVIDIA.run' > /home/pawelek85/Downloads/NVIDIA.run
159 cd Downloads
160 ls
161 chmod +x NVIDIA.run
162 ./NVIDIA.run --ui=none --n--exctract-only
163 ls
164 cd NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-525.116.03
165 ls
166 make module IGNORE_XEN_PRESENCE=y
167 make module IGNORE_XEN_PRESENCE=y CC="gcc-DNV_VMAP_4_PRESENT -DNV_SIGNAL_STRUCT_RLIM"
168 cd kernel
169 make module IGNORE_XEN_PRESENCE=y CC="gcc-DNV_VMAP_4_PRESENT -DNV_SIGNAL_STRUCT_RLIM"
170 sudo make module IGNORE_XEN_PRESENCE=y CC="gcc-DNV_VMAP_4_PRESENT -DNV_SIGNAL_STRUCT_RLIM"
171 sudo make module IGNORE_XEN_PRESENCE=y CC="gcc -DNV_VMAP_4_PRESENT -DNV_SIGNAL_STRUCT_RLIM"
172 ls
173 uname -r
174 echo "blacklist nouveau">> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf"
175 echo "blacklist nouveau">> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
176 grub2-install --efi-directory /boot/
177 sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/grub.cfg
178 qubes-dom0-update kernal-latest-devel
179 qubes-dom0-update kernal-devel-latest
180 qubes-dom0-update kernal-devel
181 qubes-dom0-update kernel-devel-latest
182 qubes-dom0-update kernel-devel
183 uname -r
184 cd Downloads
185 ls
186 cd NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-525.116.03
187 ls
188 sudo make module IGNORE_XEN_PRESENCE=y CC="gcc -DNV_VMAP_4_PRESENT -DNV_SIGNAL_STRUCT_RLIM"
189 cd kernel
190 sudo make module IGNORE_XEN_PRESENCE=y CC="gcc -DNV_VMAP_4_PRESENT -DNV_SIGNAL_STRUCT_RLIM"
191 cp nvidia.ko /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/extra
192 depmod -a; modinfo nvidia
193 vim /etc/sysconfig/grub
194 grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/grub.cfg
195 sudo -i
196 cd /etc
197 ls
198 locate Input
199 updatedb
200 locate Input
201 cd qubes-rpc
202 vim qubes.InputTablet
203 cd Downloads
204 ls
205 exit
206 ls
207 ./NVIDIA.run
208 glxinfo
209 glxinfo |grep "Open"
210 glxinfo |grep "nvi"
211 glxinfo |grep "nvi"glxinfo -B
212 dnf remove kernel-devel
213 uname -q
214 rpm -qa kernel\*
215 qubes-dom0-update kernel-latest
216 vim /etc/sysconfig/grub
217 depmod -a; modinfo nvidia
218 grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/grub.cfg
219 reboot
220 cd /etc
221 cd modprobe.d
222 ls
223 cat blacklist.conf
224 rm blacklist.conf
225 ls
226 ls
227 exit
228 ls
229 glxinfo |grep "nvi"
230 glxinfo -B
231 glxinfo |grep intel
232 glxinfo |grep nvi
233 glxinfo |grep "in"
234 glxinfo |grep "intel"
235 cd /etc/modprobe.d
236 ls
237 locate nvidia
238 lsmod
239 insmod
240 mod
241 modprobe nvidia
242 ls
243 ls
244 cd ..
245 ls
246 exit
247 ./NVIDIA.run
248 ./NVIDIA.run
249 ./NVIDIA.run --ui=none --n--exctract-only
250 ls
251 ./NVIDIA.run --ui=none --no-x-check --exctract-only
252 ls
253 mkdir nv
254 ls
255 cp NVIDIA.run nv
256 cd nv
257 ./NVIDIA.run
258 ls
259 rm NVIDIA.run
260 qvm-run --pass-io personal 'cat /home/user/Downloads/NVIDIA.run' > /home/pawelek85/Downloads/NVIDIA.run
261 cd ..
262 ls
263 chmod 777 NVIDIA.run
264 ./NVIDIA.run
265 ls
266 ls -lat
267 sh ./nvidia.run
268 ls
269 sh NVIDIA.run
270 ls
271 thaurus
272 nautilus
273 thunar
274 ls
275 NVIDIA.run --install
276 lscpi |grep VGA
277 lspci |grep VGA
278 qubes-dom0-update nvidia --action=search
279 Xorg :1 -configure
280 Xorg -configure
281 cd /root
282 ls
283 vim xorg.conf.new
284 mv /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf
285 xinit
286 Xorg -configure
287 qubes-dom0-update nvidia-gpu-firmware
288 lscpi |grep VGA
289 lspci |grep VGA
290 lspci |grep nvidia
291 cd Downloads
292 ls
293 ./NVIDIA.run
294 ls
295 cat /etc/fstab
296 nano /etc/fstab
297 cd /etc/sysconfig
298 ls
299 vim grub
300 grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/grub.cfg
301 cat /sys/module/zswap/parameters/enabled
302 bash -c "echo 0 > /sys/module/zswap/parameters/enabled"
303 cat /sys/module/zswap/parameters/enabled
304 swapoff --all
305 vim /etc/fstab
306 modprobe zram num_devices=1
307 cat /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
308 bash -c "echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm"
309 bash -c "echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm"
310 sudo -i bash -c "echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm"
311 nano /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
312 cat /sys/block/zram0/disksize
313 bash -c "echo 32GB > /sys/block/zram0/disksize"
314 swapoff --all
315 bash -c "echo 32GB > /sys/block/zram0/disksize"
316 vim /etc/fstab
317 dnf remove zramswap
318 dnf remove zram-tools
319 systemctl stop zramswap
320 systemctl stop dietpi-zram-swap
321 history
322 systemctl status zram-swp
323 systemctl status zram-swap
324 systemctl stop zram-swap
325 systemctl status zram-swap
326 bash -c "echo 32GB > /sys/block/zram0/disksize"
327 sudo -i bash -c "echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm"
328 systemctl start zram-swap.service
329 sudo -i bash -c "echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm"
330 history |grep zra
331 dnf remove zram
332 systemctl start zram-swap.service
333 modprobe zram
334 bash -c "echo 32G > /sys/block/zram0/disksize"
335 echo 32G > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
336 swap0ff --all
337 swapoff
338 swapoff -all
339 swapoff --all
340 swapoff /dev/zram0
341 echo 32G > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
342 zramctl
343 zramctl --reset /dev/zram0
344 zramctl
345 echo 32G > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
346 modprobe zram
347 echo 32G > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
348 echo 32G > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
349 bash -c "echo 32G > /sys/block/zram0/disksize"
350 zramctl
351 cd /sys/block
352 ls
353 cd zram0
354 cd /etc/modules-load.d
355 ls
356 qubes-dom0-update zramctl
357 qubes-dom0-update zram
358 modprobe zram
359 bash -c "echo 32G > /sys/block/zram0/disksize"
360 modprobe zram num_devices=1
361 cat /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
362 sudo -i bash -c "echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm"
363 cd /sys/block/zram0
364 cd /sys/block
365 systemctl start zram
366 sudo -i bash -c "echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm"
367 cat /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
368 systemctl status zram
369 mkdir zram0
370 bash -c "echo 32GB > /sys/block/zram0/disksize"
371 bash -c "echo 32GB > /sys/block/zram0/disksize"
372 sudo -i bash -c "echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm"
373 modprobe zram num_devices=1
374 cat /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
375 bash -c "echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm"
376 modprobe zram num_devices=1
377 bash -c "echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm"
378 zramctl --reset /dev/zram0
379 zramctl
380 lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
381 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
382 swapoff /dev/zram0
383 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
384 zramctl
385 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
386 zramctl --reset /dev/zram0
387 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
388 zramctl
389 modprobe zram num_devices=4
390 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
391 zramctl
392 cat /sys/class/zram-control/hot_add
393 echo 0 > /sys/class/zram-control/hot_remove
394 cat /sys/class/zram-control/hot_add
395 echo 0 > /sys/class/zram-control/hot_remove
396 echo1 > /sys/class/zram-control/hot_remove
397 echo 1 > /sys/class/zram-control/hot_remove
398 zramctl --reset /dev/zram0
399 modprobe zram num_devices=1
400 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
401 echo 1 > /sys/block/zram0/reset
402 umount /dev/zram0
403 util-linux
404 qubes-dom0-update util-linux
405 zramctl --help
406 modprobe zram num_devices=4
407 dnf remove zram
408 modprobe zram num_devices=4
409 cat /sys/block/zram0/max_comp_streams
410 rmmod zramctl
411 insmod zramctl
412 vim /etc/modules-load.d/zram.conf
413 vim /etc/modprobe.d/zram.conf
414 systemtl enable zram
415 systemctl enable zram
416 qubes-dom0-update zram
417 modprobe zram num_devices=1
418 cat /sys/block/zram0/max_comp_streams
419 zramctl
420 ls /sys/block
421 systemctl start zram
422 ls /sys/block
423 modprobe zram num_devices=1
424 ls /sys/block
425 systemctl status zram
426 zram
427 zramctl
428 zramctl --help
429 zramctl -r
430 zramctl --reset
431 zramctl --reset /dev/zram0
432 systemctl status zram
433 zramctl --rese
434 modprobe zram
435 modprobe zram num_devices=1
436 systemctl status zram
437 swapon
438 systemctl status zram
439 systemctl restart zram
440 systemctl status zram
441 systemctl status zramaa
442 modprobe zram num_devices=1
443 ls /sys/block
444 cat /sys/block/zram0/max_comp_streams
445 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
446 umount /dev/zram0
447 lsblk
448 swapoff /dev/zram0
449 mkswap /dev/zram0
450 swapon /dev/zram0
451 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
452 swapoff /dev/zram0
453 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
454 df -h
455 cat /proc/swaps
456 lsblk
457 locate mkinitcpio.conf
458 systemctl enable zramswap
459 systemctl status zram
460 swapon -s
461 vim /etc/sysconfig/grub
462 grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/grub.cfg
463 vim /etc/sysconfig/grub
464 grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/grub.cfg
465 systemctl status zram
466 zramctl
467 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
468 swapoff /dev/zram0
469 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
470 swapon -s
471 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
472 systemctl status zram
473 umount /dev/zram0
474 modprobe zram num_devices=1
475 systemctl status zram
476 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
477 modprobe zram num_devices=1
478 cat /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
479 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
480 bash -c "echo 1 > /sys/block/zram0/reset"
481 modprobe -r zram
482 modprobe zram num_devices=1
483 echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
484 bash -c "lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm"
485 bash -c "echo lz4hc > /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm"
486 cat /sys/block/zram0/comp_algorithm
487 bash -c "echo 32G> /sys/block/zram0/disksize"
488 mwap --label zram0 /dev/zram0
489 mswap --label zram0 /dev/zram0
490 zramctl
491 swapon --priority 32767 /dev/zram0
492 swapoff /dev/zram0
493 swapoff --all
494 swapon --priority 32767 /dev/zram0
495 swap --label zram0 /dev/zram0
496 mswap
497 mkswap --label zram0 /dev/zram0
498 swapon --priority 32767 /dev/zram0
499 zramctl
500 swapoff /dev/zram0
501 bash -c "echo 1> /sys/block/zram0/reset"
502 bash -c "echo 1 > /sys/block/zram0/reset"
503 modprobe -r zram
504 ls /usr/local/bin
505 vim /usr/local/bin/zram_start
506 vim /usr/local/bin/zram_stop
507 cd /etc/systemd
508 vim zram_swap.service
509 ls
510 systemctl start zram-swap
511 systemctl status zram-swap
512 dnf remove zram
513 modprobe -r zram
514 qvm-run --pass-io personal 'cat /home/user/zram_swap.service' > /etc/systemd/system/zram_swap.service
515 ls
516 cd system
517 ls
518 cat zram_swap.service
519 systemctl start zram-swap
520 ls -lat
521 chmod 761 zram_swap.service
522 ls
523 chmod 751 zram_swap.service
524 ls
525 ls -lat
526 chmod 777 zram_swap.service
527 ls -lat
528 chmod 741 zram_swap.service
529 ls -lat
530 chmod 751 zram_swap.service
531 ls -lat
532 chmod 721 zram_swap.service
533 ls -lat
534 chmod 761 zram_swap.service
535 ls
536 ls -lat
537 chmod 771 zram_swap.service
538 ls -lat
539 systemctl start zram-swap
540 systemctl start zram_swap
541 systemctl status zram_swap
542 vim /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf
543 sysctl -p
544 systemctl status zram_swap
545 swapon --show
546 systemctl enable zram_swap
547 systemctl status zram_swap
548 systemctl status zram_swap
549 swapon -show
550 history