There is another thread basically asking the same question, and no clear answer was given. Someone mentions that hardware support could take up to two year, which I guess is the worst case scenario.
I have not been able to find any information on Xen not supporting Adler Lake, but that might be the case.
As fare as I know, Linux supports Alder Lake but the P/E core optimizations are added in 5.17 which I don’t know if you can use with qubes. Without the optimization, the OS heavily favors using the fast P cores over the E cores, resulting in overall performance drop, but it shouldn’t mean the CPU isn’t working.
That said, working in linux doesn’t mean working in qubes.
Judging from the other thread, using both a current gen CPU and motherboard is likely to require more troubleshooting than older hardware.