Well, those are not really random strings, they are a combination of the Manufacturer’s name and USB ID strings/numbers; their role is to “uniquely” (or close to…) identify each device.
I am not aware of any rewriting mechanism, but it is conceivable to write an udev hook to translate particular device IDs to whatever you want.
For example, instead of SanDisk-AC00F-FEE0 to “My-Private-USB-stick” or so.
Again, you have to write it yourself…
In sys-usb.
If you have sys-usb, all(**) the USB hardware is connected to it.
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** “all” meaning the PCI devices connected to sys-usb; you are allowed to have more than one “sys-usb” too, or connect one USB controller to sys-net, etc.