I removed the hardware raid and erased each disk and after a complete reinstallation and an update to kernel 6.13.7-1, the disks are recognized and can be attached without problems and without the card preventing QubesOS from booting.
During installation, I just blacklisted the aacraid module to be able to boot on the installer by adding an option to the instruction line in the grub menu, for exemple before rhgb quiet :
modprobe.blacklist=aacraid
After rebooting and running all the updates, I reactivated the module by deleting the corresponding entry in the files :
/etc/modprobe.d/anaconda-denylist
/etc/default/grub
And by updating the grub config file:
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg