I have similar hardware and ran into the same issue.
The culprit is X11 not choosing the correct GPU to display the output with, it chooses the Nvidia GPU as primary by default. I couldn’t figure out why this happens even when the GPU is hidden via rd.qubes.hide_pci.
What solves the problem for me whether the GPU is hidden or not is to specifically tell X11 to use the Intel GPU.
Boot up your computer, once the grub screen pops up press the “E” key on your keyboard to edit the boot parameters. On the linux line add the parameter init=/bin/bash and continue the boot process.
After typing your password for the encryption of the disk the boot process will jump right into a shell with your unlocked disk.
Use vi to create a new file /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/01-intel.conf
place the following contents:
Section "Device"
Identifier "IntelGPU"
Driver "modesetting"
BusID "PCI:0:2:0"
make sure that your iGPU uses that PCI ID but its usually the same for 13th / 14th gen processors.
save the file and reboot the system.
X11 should start on the Intel GPU now.