Qubes is about security by compartmentalization, Whonix is about anonymity.
No, if you want to achieve this behavior you need to tweak some settings:
- Contents/docs/privacy/anonymizing-your-mac-address.md at master · Qubes-Community/Contents · GitHub
- Hardware information masking and spoofing with hypervisor - #5 by BEBF738VD
What about it? You have the option to connect to both clearnet, and through Tor. You can also configure a VPN. You should search the forum as there are readily available guides for all these scenarios.
Indeed, you can make (almost) any qube go through Tor.
It is possible to achieve that, although not recommended by Tor. And what do you mean with “launch secure VM then firefox”?
This is not Qubes OS related, it’s a Tor limitation. With that said, I rarely have issues with Tor. Furthermore, if you do work-related operations on Tor and you have to login, you are giving up your anonymity anyway so why use Tor in the first place for this kind of browsing.
It seems like you may benefit from reading the introduction: Introduction | Qubes OS
Furthermore, many of the questions can be answered by reading the documentation: Documentation | Qubes OS
Extra how-to guides are found in the appropriate section: Community Guides - Qubes OS Forum