I5 6300U (2c 2T) with 16GB RAM - Would I notice a big performance increase in upgrading CPU?

Your start up time requirement might be met with an NVMe SSD running on PCIe 3.0x4.

Qubes relies heavily on a fast SSD, so try upgrade from SATA SSDs to NVMe SSDs.

Also there is some discussion on how to tune your SSD for ~1s improvement. Like 4kn SSD and 4kn template.

Regarding your video issue, that might be to blame the decoder in your template. Generally debian template has a better compatibility with videos.