You can connect the phone to the Qubes OS using Ethernet. You can also use dock station with ethernet and PD to be able to charge the phone while connected to ethernet.
Connect USB Ethernet adapter to the phone and then connect it to the Qubes OS machine using ethernet cable.
Create a sys-net-share qube with Ethernet controller attached to it to which the phone is connected.
Set sys-net-share net qube to the net qube that you want to use to provide the network for the phone.
Use Network Manager in sys-net-share to create a new Ethernet connection and in IPv4 Settings set the method to “Shared to other computers”.
Then configure the firewall to accept the DHCP requests from the phone and configure the dnat-dns rules to pass the requests from the connected phone to the Qubes OS virtual DNS servers.
Maybe you can install some VNC server or something similar and connect to it using the network.